Sources and References

MH
Written by Mohamed Habbat
Estimated read time: 3 min

This appendix lists primary sources, official documentation, research papers, and data services used in the book. The BIP, standards, and research entries below were checked on September 13, 2026. A publication date, the period a statistic measures, and the date it was checked are different things.

Primary Sources

Key BIPs Referenced in This Book

Titles and status labels below follow the official repository snapshot checked September 13, 2026. A published BIP is not by itself evidence of Bitcoin mainnet activation.

  • BIP-39 — Mnemonic code for generating deterministic keys (Deployed).
  • BIP-119 — CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY (Draft; no adopted activation schedule).
  • BIP-141 — Segregated Witness (Consensus layer) (Deployed).
  • BIP-341 — Taproot: SegWit version 1 spending rules (Deployed; Schnorr signatures are specified separately in BIP-340).
  • BIP-352 — Silent Payments (Complete).
  • BIP-360 — Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR) (Draft; addresses long-term public-key exposure, without introducing post-quantum signatures).
  • BIP-361 — Post Quantum Migration and Legacy Signature Sunset (Draft, Informational; dependent on a future signature upgrade).

Cryptographic Standards

NIST published these standards on August 13, 2024. Their standardisation does not mean Bitcoin has adopted them.

  • FIPS 203: ML-KEM — Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism Standard, derived from CRYSTALS-Kyber. It is for key establishment, not digital signatures.
  • FIPS 204: ML-DSA — Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard, derived from CRYSTALS-Dilithium.
  • FIPS 205: SLH-DSA — Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Standard, based on SPHINCS+.

Swiss-Specific Sources

  • ESTV (Swiss Federal Tax Administration) — annual cryptocurrency valuation lists — estv.admin.ch
  • FINMA — guidance on virtual assets and crypto service providers — finma.ch
  • Swiss DLT Act — Federal Act on the Adaptation of Federal Law to Developments in Distributed Ledger Technology (an omnibus amending law revising FINIA, FinMIA, and other federal statutes; adopted 25 September 2020; partial entry into force 1 February 2021, remaining provisions 1 August 2021)
  • Swiss Civil Code — inheritance law, Articles 457–640
  • OECD Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) — automatic exchange of tax information for crypto assets — oecd.org/tax/exchange-of-tax-information/crypto-asset-reporting-framework-and-amendments-to-the-common-reporting-standard.htm

Network Data Sources

Research Papers

  • Babbush, R., et al. “Securing Elliptic Curve Cryptocurrencies against Quantum Vulnerabilities: Resource Estimates and Mitigations.” PRX Quantum 7, 031001, published August 21, 2026. DOI: 10.1103/j3xf-bw18; arXiv:2603.28846v2, revised April 15, 2026 after the March 30 submission. The authors span Google Quantum AI, UC Berkeley, the Ethereum Foundation, and Stanford. The estimates assume future fault-tolerant hardware; they are not a demonstrated attack.
  • Cain, M., et al. “Shor's algorithm is possible with as few as 10,000 reconfigurable atomic qubits.” arXiv:2603.28627v1, submitted March 30, 2026. Authors are affiliated with Oratomic, Caltech, and UC Berkeley. This neutral-atom resource estimate uses a P-256 elliptic-curve benchmark, distinct from Bitcoin’s secp256k1.

Developer Resources

Further Reading

Keep historical observations attached to their dates. Prices, holdings, network measurements, product terms, and proposal status can change after this review. Use the primary source linked beside a claim to check later developments; the existence of this bibliography does not certify every statistic elsewhere in the book.

This content is educational and does not constitute financial advice.

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